Product Description
Helical Drive Flexible Coupling For Encoder Shaft Coupling Dimensions
Coupling refers to a device that connects 2 shafts or shafts and rotating parts, rotates together during the transmission of motion and power, and does not disengage under normal conditions. Sometimes it is also used
as a safety device to prevent the connected parts from bearing excessive load, which plays the role of overload protection.
Couplings can be divided into rigid couplings and flexible couplings. Rigid couplings do not have buffering property and the ability to compensate the relative displacement of 2 axes. It is required that the 2 axes be strictly aligned. However, such couplings are simple in structure, low in manufacturing cost, convenient in assembly and disassembly, and maintenance, which can ensure that the 2 axes are relatively neutral, have large transmission torque, and are widely used. Commonly used are flange coupling, sleeve coupling and jacket coupling.
Flexible coupling can also be divided into flexible coupling without elastic element and flexible coupling with elastic element. The former type only has the ability to compensate the relative displacement of 2 axes, but cannot cushion and reduce vibration. Common types include slider coupling, gear coupling, universal coupling and chain coupling; The latter type contains elastic elements. In addition to the ability to compensate the relative displacement
of 2 axes, it also has the functions of buffering and vibration reduction.
Our leading mainly including universal couplings, drum gear couplings, elastic couplings etc.
Main production equipments:
Large lathe, surface grinder, milling machine, spline milling machine, horizontal broaching machine, gear hobbing machine, shaper, slotting machine, bench drilling machine, radial drilling machine, boring machine, band sawing machine, horizontal lathe, end milling machine, crankshaft grinder, CNC milling machine, etc.
Coupling performance
1) Mobility. The movability of the coupling refers to the ability to compensate the relative displacement of 2 rotating components. Factors such as manufacturing and installation errors between connected components, temperature changes during operation and deformation under load all put CZPT requirements for mobility. The movable performance compensates or alleviates the additional load between shafts, bearings, couplings and other components caused by the relative displacement between rotating components.
(2) Buffering. For the occasions where the load is often started or the working load changes, the coupling shall be equipped with elastic elements that play the role of cushioning and vibration reduction to protect the prime mover and the working machine from little or no damage.
(3) Safe, reliable, with sufficient strength and service life.
(4) Simple structure, easy to assemble, disassemble and maintain.
Inspection equipment:
Dynamic balance tester, high-speed intelligent carbon and sulfur analyzer, Blochon optical hardness tester, Leeb hardness tester, magnetic yoke flaw detector etc.
It is widely used in metallurgical steel rolling, wind power, hydropower, mining, engineering machinery, petrochemical, lifting, paper making, rubber, rail transit, shipbuilding and marine engineering and other industries.
How to select the appropriate coupling type
The following items should be considered when selecting the coupling type.
1. The size and nature of the required transmission torque, the requirements for buffering and damping functions, and whether resonance may occur.
2. The relative displacement of the axes of the 2 shafts is caused by manufacturing and assembly errors, shaft load and thermal expansion deformation, and relative movement between components.
3. Permissible overall dimensions and installation methods, and necessary operating space for assembly, adjustment and maintenance. For large couplings, they should be able to be disassembled without axial movement of the shaft.
In addition, the working environment, service life, lubrication, sealing, economy and other conditions should also be considered, and a suitable coupling type should be selected by referring to the characteristics of various couplings.
If you cannot determine the type, you can contact our professional engineer.
Q: Why choose Shengao product?
A: We have our own factory, therefore, we can surely promise the quality of product and provide
you competitive price.
Q: Do you provide OEM Service?
A: Yes, we provide OEM Service.
Q: Do you provide customized machining parts?
A: Yes. Customers give us drawings and specifications, and we will produce accordingly.
Q: What is your payment term?
A: We provide kinds of payment terms such as L/C, T/T, Paypal, Escrow, etc.
If there’s anything we can help, please feel free to contact with us.
Endurance of Helical Couplings for High Torque and Axial Motion
Helical couplings are designed to withstand a range of mechanical forces, including high levels of torque and axial motion:
- High Torque: Helical couplings are capable of transmitting high levels of torque due to their robust construction and the interlocking helical teeth. The helical design enhances the coupling’s ability to handle torque without compromising flexibility.
- Axial Motion: Helical couplings can accommodate limited axial motion without compromising their performance. This is especially beneficial in applications where shafts might experience slight axial displacement due to thermal expansion or other factors.
Engineers select helical couplings based on the anticipated torque requirements and axial motion characteristics of the application. It’s important to ensure that the selected coupling has the necessary torque rating and axial flexibility to meet the demands of the specific machinery or system.
Utilization of Helical Couplings in Mechanical Systems
A helical coupling, also known as a beam coupling, is a type of flexible coupling that is used in mechanical systems to transmit torque and motion between shafts while accommodating misalignment. Here’s how it is utilized:
Helical couplings consist of two hubs, each with helical slots that interlock with the other hub’s slots. The interlocking design allows for flexibility in multiple directions while maintaining torsional rigidity.
When utilized in mechanical systems:
- Misalignment Compensation: Helical couplings can handle angular, axial, and parallel misalignments between shafts. The helical slots provide flexibility, allowing for small amounts of misalignment without transmitting excessive stress to connected components.
- Torque Transmission: Helical couplings transmit torque from one shaft to another while minimizing backlash. The helical slot design distributes torque evenly across the coupling’s surface, ensuring efficient power transmission.
- Reduced Vibration: The helical design of the coupling helps absorb shocks and vibrations, contributing to smoother operation and reduced wear on connected components.
- Compact Design: Helical couplings have a compact and lightweight design, making them suitable for applications with limited space.
- Simple Installation: These couplings are relatively easy to install, with minimal maintenance requirements.
- Various Applications: Helical couplings are commonly used in robotics, motion control systems, CNC machines, and other applications where precision and flexibility are essential.
In summary, helical couplings provide an effective solution for transmitting torque and motion between shafts while accommodating misalignment and reducing vibrations in various mechanical systems.
Specialized Maintenance Routines for Ensuring the Longevity of Helical Couplings
To ensure the longevity of helical couplings, consider implementing specialized maintenance routines:
- Lubrication: Proper lubrication is crucial. Use the recommended lubricant and schedule regular lubrication intervals to prevent friction and wear.
- Cleaning: Regularly clean the coupling to remove dirt, debris, and contaminants that can contribute to wear.
- Inspections: Conduct thorough visual inspections to identify signs of wear, misalignment, or damage. Regular inspections allow you to address issues early.
- Alignment Checks: Periodically check and adjust the alignment of the coupling to prevent premature wear and ensure optimal power transmission.
- Fastener Tightening: Check and tighten fasteners, such as set screws or clamping elements, to prevent loosening during operation.
- Balancing: If the coupling becomes unbalanced, have it balanced to prevent vibrations and reduce wear.
- Temperature Monitoring: Monitor the operating temperature of the coupling area. Abnormal temperature increases can indicate issues.
- Vibration Analysis: Use vibration analysis tools to monitor coupling vibrations and identify any unusual patterns.
- Replacement of Worn Parts: Replace worn or damaged parts promptly with genuine replacement components from the manufacturer.
- Record Keeping: Maintain a detailed maintenance record, including inspection dates, maintenance activities, and any issues identified.
- Training: Train maintenance personnel on proper maintenance procedures and techniques specific to helical couplings.
By following these specialized maintenance routines, you can maximize the longevity and performance of helical couplings in your machinery systems.
editor by CX 2023-08-11
China OEM Ld Diaphragm Speed Reducer Screw Group Helical Drive Flexible Coupling for Encoder Shaft Coupling Dimensions
Product Description
Product Description
DO NOT worry about PRICE, we are manufacturer.
DO NOT worry about QUALITY, we have 16 years experience.
DO NOT worry about AFTER-SALES, we are 24 hours online.
Features :
1. The main body is made of high strength aluminum alloy
2. Zero backlash, suitable for forward and reverse rotation
3.Colloid is made of polyurethane, which has good wear resistance
4.Oil resistance and electrical insulation, the middle elasticbody can absorb vibration
5. Compensate radial, angular and axial deviations
6. Removable design for easy installation
7. Tightening method of positioning screw
Suitable for a wide range of devices
CNC lathes Optical inspection equipment
Module slider Servo motor
Company Profile
Certifications
Packaging & Shipping
All products will be well packed with standard export wooden case or
cartons.
Shafts packed with paper tube or plastic bag;
Linear guideways or lead screwswrapped with film or plastic bag;
Guarantee well protected against dampness,moisture, rust and shock.
Our Advantages
FAQ
Q1: Do you have a catalogue? Can you send me the catalogue to have a check of all your products?
A: Yes , We have product catalogue.Please contact us on line or send an Email to sending the catalogue.
Q2: I can’t find the product on your catalogue, can you make this product for me?
A: Our catalogue shows most of our products,but not all.So just let us know what product do you need.
Q3 : Can you make customized products and customized packing?
A: Yes.We made a lot of customized products for our customer before.And we have many moulds for our customers already.About customized packing,we can put your Logo or other info on the packing.There is no problem.Just have to point out that ,it will cause some additional cost.
Q4: Can you provide samples ? Are the samples free ?
A: Yes,we can provide samples.Normally,we provide 1-2pcs free samples for test or quality checking.But you have to pay for the shipping cos.If you need many items, or need more qty for each item,we will charge for the samples.
Any requirements or question,Welcome to “Send” us an e-mail Now!
It’s our great honor to do services for you! You also can get the FREE SAMPLES soon.
Applications of Helical Couplings in Various Industries
Helical couplings find wide use in numerous industries and applications due to their versatility, reliability, and ability to handle misalignment and transmit torque:
- Manufacturing: Helical couplings are used in CNC machines, mills, lathes, and other manufacturing equipment to ensure precise power transmission and minimize vibration.
- Robotics: Robotic arms and joints often employ helical couplings to connect motors and actuators, allowing for flexibility while maintaining accurate motion control.
- Medical Equipment: Imaging devices, surgical robots, and medical equipment often use helical couplings to ensure precise movement and positioning.
- Aerospace: Helical couplings are used in aerospace applications such as satellite systems, UAVs, and aircraft systems where lightweight yet durable coupling solutions are required.
- Automotive: Helical couplings find use in automotive testing equipment, vehicle assembly lines, and robotics for manufacturing and testing automotive components.
- Packaging and Conveyors: Packaging machinery, material handling systems, and conveyors utilize helical couplings to ensure efficient and accurate movement of products.
- Printing: Printers and labeling machines benefit from helical couplings’ ability to handle misalignment and transmit motion accurately.
The broad range of applications highlights the adaptability and reliability of helical couplings across various industries.
Utilization of Helical Couplings in Mechanical Systems
A helical coupling, also known as a beam coupling, is a type of flexible coupling that is used in mechanical systems to transmit torque and motion between shafts while accommodating misalignment. Here’s how it is utilized:
Helical couplings consist of two hubs, each with helical slots that interlock with the other hub’s slots. The interlocking design allows for flexibility in multiple directions while maintaining torsional rigidity.
When utilized in mechanical systems:
- Misalignment Compensation: Helical couplings can handle angular, axial, and parallel misalignments between shafts. The helical slots provide flexibility, allowing for small amounts of misalignment without transmitting excessive stress to connected components.
- Torque Transmission: Helical couplings transmit torque from one shaft to another while minimizing backlash. The helical slot design distributes torque evenly across the coupling’s surface, ensuring efficient power transmission.
- Reduced Vibration: The helical design of the coupling helps absorb shocks and vibrations, contributing to smoother operation and reduced wear on connected components.
- Compact Design: Helical couplings have a compact and lightweight design, making them suitable for applications with limited space.
- Simple Installation: These couplings are relatively easy to install, with minimal maintenance requirements.
- Various Applications: Helical couplings are commonly used in robotics, motion control systems, CNC machines, and other applications where precision and flexibility are essential.
In summary, helical couplings provide an effective solution for transmitting torque and motion between shafts while accommodating misalignment and reducing vibrations in various mechanical systems.
Best Practices for Lubricating and Preserving the Performance of Helical Couplings
Lubrication is crucial for maintaining the performance and longevity of helical couplings. Here are some best practices to consider:
- Choose the Right Lubricant: Select a lubricant that is compatible with the materials of the coupling and provides adequate protection against wear and corrosion.
- Regular Lubrication: Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for lubrication intervals. Regularly lubricate the coupling to ensure proper operation and prevent excessive wear.
- Clean Before Lubrication: Clean the coupling and the surrounding area before applying lubricant to prevent contamination.
- Apply the Right Amount: Apply the appropriate amount of lubricant as recommended by the manufacturer. Too much lubricant can lead to excess buildup and attract debris.
- Distribute Evenly: Ensure that the lubricant is evenly distributed across the coupling’s surfaces to provide effective lubrication.
- Monitor Performance: Regularly monitor the coupling’s performance for any signs of increased friction or abnormal operation that may indicate the need for relubrication.
- Inspect for Wear: During maintenance checks, inspect the coupling for signs of wear, corrosion, or damage. Replace the coupling if necessary.
- Protect Against Contaminants: Shield the coupling from dust, dirt, and other contaminants that can degrade the lubricant and cause premature wear.
- Environmental Considerations: If the machinery operates in extreme temperatures, wet or corrosive environments, choose a lubricant that can withstand these conditions.
- Follow Manufacturer’s Recommendations: Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for lubrication, maintenance, and storage to ensure optimal coupling performance.
By adhering to these best practices, you can maximize the efficiency, reliability, and lifespan of helical couplings in various mechanical systems.
editor by CX 2023-08-09
China Professional High Quality SWC Industrial Flexible Steel Propeller Universal Joint Cardan Shaft Coupling with Good quality
Product Description
Densen customized SWC-BF Type universal coupling shaft coupling,universal couplings joint
We have professionals to solve your questions, please contact us directly!
| Product Name | Densen customized SWC-BF Type universal coupling shaft coupling,universal couplings joint |
| DN mm | 160~640mm |
| Axis Angle | 25/15° |
| Rated Torque | 16~1250 N·m |
| Fatigue torque | 8~630N·m |
| Material | 35CrMo |
| Application | Widely used in metallurgy, mining, engineering and other fields. |
| Standard Or Nonstandard: | Standard |
|---|---|
| Structure: | Universal |
| Material: | Steel |
| Type: | Customized |
| Color: | Customized |
| Transport Package: | Standard Export Wooden Box |
| Samples: |
US$ 20/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
Types of Coupling
A coupling is a device used to join two shafts together and transmit power. Its primary function is to join rotating equipment and allows for some end movement and misalignment. This article discusses different types of coupling, including Magnetic coupling and Shaft coupling. This article also includes information on Overload safety mechanical coupling.
Flexible beam coupling
Flexible beam couplings are universal joints that can deal with shafts that are offset or at an angle. They consist of a tube with couplings at both ends and a thin, flexible helix in the middle. This makes them suitable for use in a variety of applications, from motion control in robotics to attaching encoders to shafts.
These couplings are made of one-piece materials and are often made of stainless steel or aluminium alloy. However, they can also be made of acetal or titanium. While titanium and acetal are less common materials, they are still suitable for high-torque applications. For more information about beam couplings, contact CZPT Components.
Flexible beam couplings come in a variety of types and sizes. W series couplings are good for general purpose applications and are relatively economical. Stainless steel versions have increased torque capacity and torsional stiffness. Flexible beam couplings made of aluminum are ideal for servo and reverse motion. They are also available with metric dimensions.
Flexible beam couplings are made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel. Their patented slot pattern provides low bearing load and high torsional rigidity. They have a long operational life. They also require zero maintenance and can handle angular offset. Their advantages outweigh the disadvantages of traditional beam couplings.
Magnetic coupling
Magnetic coupling transfers torque from one shaft to another using a magnetic field. These couplings can be used on various types of machinery. These types of transmissions are very useful in many situations, especially when you need to move large amounts of weight. The magnetic field is also very effective at reducing friction between the two shafts, which can be extremely helpful if you’re moving heavy items or machinery.
Different magnetic couplings can transmit forces either linearly or rotated. Different magnetic couplings have different topologies and can be made to transmit force in various geometric configurations. Some of these types of couplings are based on different types of materials. For example, a ceramic magnetic material can be used for applications requiring high temperature resistance.
Hybrid couplings are also available. They have a hybrid design, which allows them to operate in either an asynchronous or synchronous mode. Hysterloy is an alloy that is easily magnetized and is used in synchronous couplings. A synchronous magnetic coupling produces a coupled magnetic circuit.
Magnetic coupling is a key factor in many physical processes. In a crystal, molecules exhibit different magnetic properties, depending on their atomic configuration. Consequently, different configurations produce different amounts of magnetic coupling. The type of magnetic coupling a molecule exhibits depends on the exchange parameter Kij. This exchange parameter is calculated by using quantum chemical methods.
Magnetic couplings are most commonly used in fluid transfer pump applications, where the drive shaft is hermetically separated from the fluid. Magnetic couplings also help prevent the transmission of vibration and axial or radial loads through the drive shaft. Moreover, they don’t require external power sources, since they use permanent magnets.
Shaft coupling
A shaft coupling is a mechanical device that connects two shafts. The coupling is designed to transmit full power from one shaft to the other, while keeping the shafts in perfect alignment. It should also reduce transmission of shock loads. Ideally, the coupling should be easy to connect and maintain alignment. It should also be free of projecting parts.
The shaft couplings that are used in machines are typically made of two types: universal coupling and CZPT coupling. CZPT couplings are designed to correct for lateral misalignment and are composed of two flanges with tongues and slots. They are usually fitted with pins. The T1 tongue is fitted into flange A, while the T2 tongue fits into flange B.
Another type of shaft coupling is known as a “sliced” coupling. This type of coupling compensates for inevitable shaft misalignments and provides high torque. Machined slits in the coupling’s outer shell help it achieve high torsional stiffness and excellent flexibility. The design allows for varying engagement angles, making it ideal for many different applications.
A shaft coupling is an important component of any machine. Proper alignment of the two shafts is vital to avoid machine breakdowns. If the shafts are misaligned, extra force can be placed on other parts of the machine, causing vibration, noise, and damage to the components. A good coupling should be easy to connect and should ensure precise alignment of the shaft. Ideally, it should also have no projecting parts.
Shaft couplings are designed to tolerate a certain amount of backlash, but it must be within a system’s threshold. Any angular movement of the shaft beyond this angle is considered excessive backlash. Excessive backlash results in excessive wear, stress, and breakage, and may also cause inaccurate alignment readings. It is therefore imperative to reduce backlash before the shaft alignment process.
Overload safety mechanical coupling
Overload safety mechanical couplings are devices that automatically disengage when the torque applied to them exceeds a specified limit. They are an efficient way to protect machinery and reduce the downtime associated with repairing damaged machinery. The advantage of overload couplings is their fast reaction time and ease of installation.
Overload safety mechanical couplings can be used in a wide range of applications. Their automatic coupling mechanisms can be used on any face or edge. In addition, they can be genderless, incorporating both male and female coupling features into a single mechanism. This means that they are both safe and gender-neutral.
Overload safety couplings protect rotating power transmission components from overloads. Overload protection devices are installed on electric motors to cut off power if the current exceeds a certain limit. Likewise, fluid couplings in conveyors are equipped with melting plug elements that allow the fluid to escape when the system becomes too hot. Mechanical force transmission devices, such as shear bolts, are designed with overload protection in mind.
A common design of an overload safety mechanical coupling consists of two or more arms and hubs separated by a plastic spider. Each coupling body has a set torque threshold. Exceeding this threshold may damage the spider or damage the jaws. In addition, the spider tends to dampen vibration and absorb axial extension. This coupling style is nearly backlash free, electrically isolating, and can tolerate very little parallel misalignment.
A mechanical coupling may also be a universal joint or jaw-clutch coupling. Its basic function is to connect the driver and driven shafts, and limits torque transfer. These devices are typically used in heavy-duty industries, such as steel plants and rolling mills. They also work well with industrial conveyor systems.
CZPT Pulley
The CZPT Pulley coupling family offers a comprehensive range of couplings for motors of all types. Not only does this range include standard motor couplings, but also servo couplings, which require ultra-precise control. CZPT Pulley couplings are also suitable for engine applications where high shocks and vibrations are encountered.
CZPT Pulley couplings have a “sliced” body structure, which allows for excellent torsional stiffness and strength. They are corrosion-resistant and can withstand high rotational speeds. The couplings’ design also ensures accurate shaft rotation while limiting shaft misalignment.
CZPT Pulley has introduced the CPU Pin Type couplings, which are effective at damping vibration and maintain zero backlash. They are also made from aluminum and are capable of absorbing heat. They come with recessed tightening screws. They can handle speeds up to 4,000 RPM, and are RoHS-compliant.
editor by CX 2023-07-12
Jmi China pto shaft pin near me with a Counterbore Basic Single Diaphragm Coupling with ce certificate top quality low price
We – EPG Group the biggest agricultural gearbox and pto manufacturing facility in China with five different branches. For far more information: Mobile/whatsapp/telegram/Kakao us at: 0086-13083988828
one thousand pto measurements The pto shaft business tractor pto shaft cost was pto shaft risk qualified rear wheel shaft by push shaft price ISO9001:2008 chevy s10 one piece generate shaft Good quality pto rear shaft go over cap Management 2006 dodge ram 2500 rear push shaft Technique. pto shaft one round EPG is specialised in design and style, maker and revenue of agricultural machinery and farm implements, which has an impartial import and export legal rights.
JMI Sort Diaphragm Coupling(JB/T9147-1999)
Features
one.Unitized disc pack.
two.Infinite daily life when properly aligned.
3.Torsionally rigid with out any back again lash.
4.No require for lubrication or upkeep.
5.No sporting parts and substantial resistance to severe environmental circumstances.
6.More substantial sizes are accessible on ask for.
·JMI Kind Coupling Principal Dimension(JB/T9147-1999)
| Sort | Nominal torque Tn |
Peak torque Tmax |
Max Speed np |
Bore diameter d |
Bore Size | D | t | Torsional stiffness C |
Mass | Rotary inertia | |||
| Y type | J,J1,Z,Zone sort | L(recommend) | |||||||||||
| L | L | Lone | |||||||||||
| N·m | N·m | r·min-1 | mm | N·m/rad | kg | kg·m2 | |||||||
| JMI1 | twenty five | 80 | 6000 | 14 | 32 | – | J127 Zone20 |
35 | ninety | 8.8 | 1×104 | one | .0007 |
| sixteen,eighteen,19 | 42 | thirty | |||||||||||
| twenty,22 | 52 | 38 | |||||||||||
| JMI2 | 63 | one hundred eighty | 5000 | 18,19 | 42 | thirty | 45 | a hundred | 9.five | 1.4×10four | two.three | .001 | |
| 20,22,24 | 52 | 38 | |||||||||||
| twenty five | 62 | forty four | |||||||||||
| JMI3 | one hundred | 315 | 5000 | 20,22,24 | 52 | – | 38 | fifty | one hundred twenty | 11 | 1.87×10four | 2.3 | .0571 |
| twenty five,28 | sixty two | 44 | |||||||||||
| 30 | eighty two | 60 | |||||||||||
| JMI4 | a hundred and sixty | five hundred | 4500 | 24 | fifty two | 38 | fifty five | one hundred thirty | 12.5 | three.12×104 | three.3 | .0571 | |
| 25,28 | 62 | 44 | |||||||||||
| 30,32,35 | eighty two | 60 | |||||||||||
| JMI5 | 250 | 710 | 4000 | 28 | 62 | 44 | sixty | a hundred and fifty | 14 | four.32×10four | 5.three | .0083 | |
| thirty,32,35,38 | 82 | 60 | |||||||||||
| 40 | 112 | 84 | |||||||||||
| JMI6 | 400 | 1120 | 3600 | 32,35,38 | eighty two | eighty two | 60 | sixty five | 170 | fifteen.five | six.88×10four | eight.7 | .0159 |
| 40,forty two,45,forty eight, 50 |
112 | 112 | eighty four | ||||||||||
| JMI7 | 630 | 1800 | 3000 | 40,42,forty five,forty eight, fifty,fifty five,fifty six |
112 | 112 | eighty four | 70 | 210 | 19 | ten.35×10four | fourteen.three | .571 |
| sixty | 142 | – | 107 | ||||||||||
| JMI8 | one thousand | 2500 | 2800 | 45,forty eight,fifty,55, fifty six |
112 | 112 | 84 | eighty | 240 | 22.5 | sixteen.11×104 | 22 | .0879 |
| 60,63,65,70 | 142 | 107 | |||||||||||
| JMI9 | 1600 | 4000 | 2500 | fifty five,56 | 112 | 84 | 85 | 260 | 24 | 26.17×104 | 29 | .1415 | |
| 60,63,70,seventy one, 75 |
142 | 107 | |||||||||||
| eighty | 172 | 132 | |||||||||||
| JMI10 | 2500 | 6300 | 2000 | sixty three,65,70,71,seventy five | 142 | 142 | 107 | ninety | 280 | seventeen | 7.88×10four | 52 | .2974 |
| 80,85,90,ninety five | 172 | – | 132 | ||||||||||
| JMI11 | 4000 | 9000 | 1800 | seventy five | 142 | 142 | 107 | ninety five | three hundred | 19.five | 10.49×10four | 69 | .4782 |
| 80,85,ninety,ninety five | 172 | 172 | 132 | ||||||||||
| a hundred,110 | 212 | – | 167 | ||||||||||
| JMI12 | 6300 | 12500 | 1600 | 90,ninety five | 172 | 132 | 120 | 340 | 23 | fourteen.07×10four | ninety four | .8067 | |
| 100,a hundred and ten,120,a hundred twenty five | 212 | 167 | |||||||||||
| JMI13 | 10000 | 18000 | 1400 | a hundred,one hundred ten,120,125 | 212 | 167 | 135 | 380 | 28 | 19.2×104 | 128 | 1.7053 | |
| one hundred thirty,140 | 252 | 202 | |||||||||||
| JMI14 | 16000 | 28000 | 1200 | one hundred twenty,125 | 212 | – | 167 | one hundred fifty |
420 | 31 | 30.0×104 | 184 | 2.6832 |
| 130,one hundred forty,a hundred and fifty | 252 | 202 | |||||||||||
| a hundred and sixty | 302 | 242 | |||||||||||
| JMI15 | 25000 | 40000 | 1120 | 140,150 | 252 | 202 | 180 | 480 | 37.5 | forty seven.46×10four | 262 | four.8015 | |
| 160,one hundred seventy,180 | 302 | 242 | |||||||||||
| JMI16 | 40000 | 56000 | a thousand | one hundred sixty,a hundred and seventy,one hundred eighty | 302 | 242 | two hundred |
560 | 41 | forty eight.09×10four | 384 | nine.4118 | |
| one hundred ninety,two hundred | 352 | 282 | |||||||||||
| JMI17 | 63000 | 80000 | 900 | one hundred ninety,200,220 | 352 | 282 | 220 |
630 | forty seven | ten.13×10four | 561 | eighteen.3753 | |
| 240 | 410 | 330 | |||||||||||
| JMI18 | a hundred thousand | 125000 | 800 | 220 | 352 | 282 | 250 |
710 | 54.five | sixteen.14×104 | 723 | 28.2033 | |
| 240,250,260 | 410 | 330 | |||||||||||
| JMI19 | 160000 | 200000 | 710 | 250,260 | 410 | 330 | 280 | 800 | forty eight | seventy nine.8×10four | 1267 | 66.5813 | |
| 280,300,320 | 470 | 380 | |||||||||||
Item demonstrate:
